J-1 Visa
US exchange-visitor visa for government-sponsored, research, and short-term study programs; often carries a 2-year home-residency requirement.
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M-1 Visa
US non-immigrant visa for vocational and non-academic training programs at SEVP-certified schools; more restrictive than F-1.
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New Zealand Student Visa and Post-Study Work Visa
New Zealand student visa for fee-paying international students; Post-Study Work Visa (PSWV) 1–3 years for graduates; pathway to residency.
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Optional Practical Training (OPT)
Post-graduation work authorization for F-1 students; up to 12 months in field related to major; STEM extension adds 24 months.
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SEVIS
Student and Exchange Visitor Information System; mandatory database tracking F-1, J-1, and M-1 international students in the United States.
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Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)
Canadian open work permit for DLI graduates; 1–3 years depending on program; language and eligibility criteria tightened since November 2024.
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STEM OPT Extension
24-month extension to post-completion Optional Practical Training for F-1 students with STEM degrees; requires DHS-listed major and E-Verified employer.
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Canadian Study Permit
Canadian authorization for international students; Designated Learning Institution (DLI) enrollment mandatory; Provincial Attestation Letter required since January 2024.
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Subclass 485 Temporary Graduate Visa
Australia's post-study work visa for international graduates; two streams (post-higher education, post-vocational); 2–4 years depending on qualification.
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Subclass 500 Student Visa
Australia's principal international student visa; linked to Certificate of Enrolment from CRICOS-registered provider; Genuine Student requirement (GS) tightened in 2024.
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UK Graduate Route
UK post-study work visa for international students; 2 years for bachelor's and master's; 3 years for PhD; no sponsor required; unrestricted work.
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UK Student Route
UK visa for international students; sponsored by licensed higher-education provider; dependants restricted since January 2024; work rights aligned to RQF level.